Restricting feed to 88% of ad libitum intake lowers feed conversion ratio and fat deposition, while enhancing protein retention and upregulating key intestinal transporters (GLUT2, PFK, ATP1B1)
- It plays a critical role in neutralizing free radicals, supporting detox pathways, and maintaining cellular health
Studies have shown that OTA can inhibit the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 through miR-132 and miR-200c, and induce OTA toxicity by increasing the level of ROS in vitro [18]
Mechanistically, LONP1 silencing not only reduces cellular bioenergetic capacity but also decreases the LC3-II/I ratio and PINK1/Parkin levels, thereby suppressing mitophagy [169, 170] (Fig
GSH plays a role in regulating lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism because it is necessary for the hepatic response to insulin-sensitizing agents [2]